Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 4 Articles
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. In animal models ethanol, propylthiouracil, high fat diet and CCT diet are used to produces hyperlipidemia. Ehanol replaces fat as asource of energy and increases total cholesterol level. Propylthiouracil produce hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia. In high fat diet and CCT diet both are increase the total cholesterol level by their components. Ethanol and propylthiouracil less affect the total cholesterol level as compared to high fat diet. CCT diet more increase total cholesterol level as compared to high fat diet....
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance with progressive degeneration of neurons. It is characterized by affective, cognitive, behavioral and motor dysfunctions. 3-Nitropropionic acid is well established animal model which initiates a complex series of neurochemical and signaling changes that lead to pathological events including neuronal excitotoxicity by excessive glutamate release, neuroinflammation and energy impairment. Excitotoxins like NMDA and kainic acid which binds to these receptors to release high levels of glutamate that can cause excitotoxicity by allowing high levels of calcium ions (Ca2+) to enter the cell. Ca2+influx into cells activates a number of enzymes, including phospholipases, endonucleases, and proteases such as calpain. These enzymes increase apoptosis, oxidative stress and energy impairment thereby causing mitochondrial dysfunctions and go on to damage neuronal structures. The toxic venom used by the cone shells called conotoxin contains up to 50 different peptides that selectively inhibit the function of ion channels and excitatory amino acid receptors such as NMDA involved in the transmission of nerve signals in animals representing an extensive array of ion channel blockers each showing a high degree of selectivity for particular types of channels. Conotoxins selectively target a range of ion channels and NMDA receptors, making them widely useful tool for probing nervous system function. Here we hypothize the protective effect of conotoxins, from genus Conus geographus named w-conotoxin and conantokin, against excitotoxic neuronal cell death using 3 NP induced Huntington’s model....
This study was carried out to investigate whether streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats could affect the lipid profile. Twelve adult Sprague-Dawley male albino rats were equally divided into two experimental groups i.e., normal control and diabetic control. Diabetes was induced in diabetic control group by administering streptozotocin @ 40mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Both normal and diabetic control rats were supplied with adlibitum feed and water. Lipid profile (TC, HDL, LDL and TG) of rats was assessed fortnightly. It was concluded from the experimental study that streptozocin (40 mg/kg) may alter the lipid profile causing increase in TC, LDL and TG levels but decrease in HDL levels....
Peptic ulcer disease is a common disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. When complications occur, peptic ulcer disease can have a major impact on quality of life and on the utilisation of the health system. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pertinent literature published in the present era regarding ulcerogenic effectors, and all available therapeutic concepts in this regard including; different Pathophysiological responses to H. pylori infection, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID�s), bile acids, nitric oxide, copper complexes, acid pump inhibitors, histamine blockers, curcuminoids, cytokines and/or growth factors , recent models used in the study of the peptic ulcer and also summarize the various aggressive and defensive factors responsible for the peptic ulcer ....
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